Глоссарий (Медицинская энциклопедия)

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Palliative treatment: Treatment aimed at the relief of pain and symptoms of disease but not intended to cure the disease.
Pap (Papanicolaou) smear: A test to detect cancer of the cervix.
Paracentesis: Removing fluid from the abdomen using local anesthesia and needle and syringe.
Pathological fracture: A break in a bone usually caused by cancer or some disease condition.
Pathology: The study of disease by the examination of tissues and body fluids under the microscope. A doctor who specializes in pathology is called a pathologist.
Petechiae: Tiny areas of bleeding under the skin, usually caused by a low platelet count.
Phlebitis: A painful inflammation of the veins.
Photosensitivity: Extreme sensitivity to the sun, leaving the patient prone to sunburns. This can be a side effect of some cancer drugs and radiation.
Placebo: An inert substance often used in clinical trials for comparison.
Platelet (Plt): Cells in the blood that are responsible for clotting.
Platelet count: The number of platelets in a blood sample.
Polyp: A growth of tissue protruding into a body cavity, such as a nasal or rectal polyp. Polyps may be benign or malignant.

Port – Implanted: A catheter connected to a quarter-sized disc that is surgically placed just below the skin in the chest or abdomen. The tube is inserted into a large vein or artery directly into the bloodstream. Fluids, drugs, or blood products can be infused, and blood can be drawn through a needle that is stuck into the disc. Examples: Port-o-cath, Infusaport, Lifeport.
Port – Peritoneal: A catheter connected to a quarter-sized disc that is surgically placed in the abdomen. The catheter is inserted to deliver chemotherapy to the peritoneum (abdominal cavity).
Primary tumor: The original cancer site. For example, breast cancer that has spread to the bone is still called breast cancer.
Progesterone: One of the female hormones produced by the ovaries.
Progesterone-receptor assay: A test that determines if breast cancer is stimulated by the hormone progesterone.
Prognosis: The projected outcome of a disease; the life expectancy.
PSA (Prostate-specific antigen): A marker used to determine prostate disease; it may be benign or malignant.
Prosthesis: Artificial replacement of a missing body part.
Protocol: A treatment plan.